Protein Ubiquitination in Chloroplasts

Lifeasible is committed to the development and research of chloroplast engineering. With years of experience in chloroplast proteomics, we are able to provide protein ubiquitination services in chloroplast, regulating biotic and abiotic stress responses, material metabolism, microtubule transport, transmembrane transport, nuclear transport proteins, chromosome structure and RNA splicing by ubiquitination of chloroplast proteins, precisely to meet customer requirements.

Introduction

Protein ubiquitination refers to the process in which one or more ubiquitin molecules classify proteins in cells under the action of a series of special enzymes, so as to select target protein molecules and modify them specifically. According to the number and way of connecting ubiquitin, it can be divided into monoubiquitination, polyubiquitination and polyubiquitination. Studies have found that the proteins involved in ubiquitination in Arabidopsis account for about 5% of the total protein, and play a very extensive and important role in the growth of plants. In addition, covalent binding of small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins containing approximately 100 amino acids to other proteins affects a variety of cellular processes in plants, including gene expression, signal transduction, genome maintenance, protein localization, and activity. In conclusion, ubiquitination modification plays an important role in participating in plant stress response, material metabolism and seed germination.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of ubiquitination dependent chloroplast related protein degradation. (Ling Q, et al., 2019)

Protein Ubiquitination in Chloroplasts Services

Chloroplast ubiquitination plays an important role in stress adaptation, including targeted removal of proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, or selective whole-chloroplast degradation. Lifeasible is committed to the identification of proteins associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system in a variety of plant chloroplasts and the ubiquitination sites in these proteins. In addition, our engineers have successfully established a network of Arabidopsis Lys-63 (K63) polyubiquitin modification to identify substrate proteins containing K63 polyubiquitin modification, and to explore the effect of K63 polyubiquitin modification on Arabidopsis growth developmental effects. Our chloroplast protein ubiquitination services include:

· Identification of Proteins Associated With the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in the Chloroplast

We employed the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This system controls the stability of specific target proteins, as well as the activity and specificity of proteasome-mediated proteolytic processes, through ubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligases.

· Analysis of the Role of Ubiquitin-Dependent Protein Modifications in Regulating Chloroplast Response to Stress

We employed SP1, a chloroplast outer membrane protein that controls chloroplast biogenesis, to analyze the direct link between the chloroplast and the UPS. Plants were also exposed to a variety of adverse conditions, including salinity, osmotic and oxidative stress, to analyze the role of changes in SP1 in regulating chloroplast responses to stress.

Applications of Chloroplasts Protein Ubiquitination

• Modification of chloroplast proteins by ubiquitination modulates transcription of nuclear genes that control chloroplast biogenesis and stress adaptation.
• The degradation of these proteins is regulated by ubiquitination of chloroplast proteins.
• E3 ubiquitin ligase is involved in the regulation of plant disease resistance, and regulates plant disease resistance by ubiquitinating its target protein.

Lifeasible is committed to developing a variety of cutting-edge technologies to help customers around the world study different types of chloroplast protein modifications. We are proud to regulate plant growth and development, as well as control their pests, through chloroplast protein modifications. If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us for more information.

References

1. Ling Q, Broad W, Trösch R, et al. (2019) Ubiquitin-dependent chloroplast-associated protein degradation in plants[J]. Science. 363(6429): eaav4467.
2. Huang W, Ling Q, Jarvis P. (2013) The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates chloroplast biogenesis[J]. Communicative & Integrative Biology. 6(2): 655-9.