Post-translational Modifications of Chloroplast Proteins

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) finely regulate protein structure, function, localization, activity, and protein-protein interactions. The occurrence of protein post-translational modifications confers multiple biological functions of the same protein, resulting in significant changes in protein function even if the expression level of the protein does not change. Despite their importance, their role in plants remains poorly understood. As we all know, plant cells mainly perform their complex physiological functions through proteins, and protein modifications play an important role in the diversity of plant proteins. Studies have found that PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, crotonylation, succinylation, butyrylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, S-nitrosylation and propionylation are prevalent in plants. Various metabolic processes such as plant protein synthesis and degradation, transcriptional regulation, signal recognition and transduction, metabolic regulation, and biotic and abiotic stress responses have been studied. In addition, with the continuous change of the environment threatening the stable growth of plants, it is necessary to adjust the protein and enzyme activities in various cellular compartments according to the environmental changes to meet the needs of plant metabolism at a specific time.

Fig. 1. Overview of the possible posttranslational modifications of chloroplast proteins. (Lehtimäki N, et al., 2015)

Services

In recent years, with the continuous advancement of specific protein modification site detection, purification methods and mass spectrometry, the identification and quantification of PTMs regulatory sites in plant proteomes has become a research hotspot. Over the years, the team at Lifeasible has extensive experience in post-translational modification of chloroplast proteins. Our scientists are dedicated to developing novel methods for detection and purification of protein modification sites, as well as combining mass spectrometry enrichment techniques and high-quality equipment to identify a series of PTMs in chloroplast proteins, which can  help you to study different protein modification types, spatiotemporal characteristics of modification sites, functional relationships, regulatory mechanisms and effects on protein interactions in plants. In addition, by post-translational modification of nuclear and chloroplast-encoded proteins, we alter the physicochemical properties or enzymatic activities of chloroplast proteins to regulate plant growth and development.

Our strategy mainly obtains modification profiles by conducting large-scale quantitative proteome mass spectrometry data, and then selects key regulatory proteins from the protein modification profiles for functional verification. Our aim is to help customers identify more PTMs loci quickly and accurately, and build a database of PTMs loci and functional information libraries for different species. The chloroplast proteins post-translational modifications we provide include but are not limited to:

• Protein Phosphorylation in Chloroplasts
• Protein Acetylation in Chloroplasts
• Protein Lysine and Arginine Methylation in Chloroplasts
• Protein Glycosylation in Chloroplasts
• Protein Ubiquitination in Chloroplasts

Competitive Advantages

• A team with extensive experience in chloroplast protein research.
• A protein in the chloroplast has multiple PTMs sites, which greatly enriches the types and functions of plant proteins.
• Targeting multiple types of PTMs acts in an antagonistic or combinatorial manner.
• Combining quantitative proteomics technology and targeted proteomics technology.
• Build a complete database of PTMs loci and functional information in different species.
• Our service provides new ideas for regulating plant growth and development and controlling different stresses such as diseases.

Lifeasible can meet the needs of customers on time and on budget through a wide range of strategies for analyzing chloroplast proteome. Our aim is to be customer-centric and to provide the highest quality service to customers around the world. Our skilled and dedicated scientific researchers ensure that the most appropriate methods and techniques are selected for each specialized chloroplast project. Our customer service representatives are enthusiastic and trustworthy 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more information or a detailed discussion.

References

1. Lehtimäki N, Koskela M M, Mulo P. (2015) Posttranslational modifications of chloroplast proteins: an emerging field[J]. Plant physiology. 168(3): 768-775.
2. Grabsztunowicz M, Koskela M M, Mulo P. (2017) Post-translational modifications in regulation of chloroplast function: recent advances[J]. Frontiers in plant science. 8: 240.